Electric telegraphy.



I. KITSEE.

ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED JULY8, 1906.

Patented N0v. 17, 1908.

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I. KITSEE.

ELECTRIC TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED J'ULY8,1Q06.

Patented Nev. 17, 1908.

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Isl-1361a KITSEE, or rn-iLi-onnrnm,

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LAlTA', OF PHEA-DEEPH'IA, ENNSYLVANIA.

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Specifieation of Letters Patent.

Patented new. it; teem li'pplication filed July 8., 1905. Serial No. 268,800.

To all whom "it may concern:

Be it known that l, lemon K rstin, a citizen of the United States, residing in the city and county of Philadelphia and State oi.

Pennsylvania, have invented a new and use ful- Improvement in Electric Telegraph-y, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to the art of telegraphy and especially to the practice of telegraphy over long lines or cables in which the disturbing eilects of capacity are comparatively great.

It is the object of my invention to in crease the speed of a line or cable,- and tothis end the transmitted electrical impulses are preferably short and all of practically thesame duration, the intervals of time or spaces between impulses being; resorted to for distinguishing the elements of the various code characters.

It is well known that on long lines 01' cables,-and especially submarine cables, telegraphy by the utilization of electric impulses all of the same volarity is impossible it any substantial speed is to be attained... be. cause of the diiiiculty of distinguishing between long and short impulses. It is the practiceat present to represent one element of the Morse code, say the dot,.by a negative impulse, and another element, say the dash, by a positive impulse. In such system it very frequentlyoccurs, however, that two or more successive impulses of the same polar- 1- it-y must be transmitted.

In my system, the two elements of: the Morse code, the dot and the dash, may be recorded without resorting to impulses of different durations.

' larities- In practicing my invention on lines where the disturbing effect of capacity is not very great, impulses of one polarity only may be- My invention will be better understood reference to the accompanying drawings in Figure 1 isa tableofspaces representing, the elementsof'codeoharacters. Fig. 2 rep resents a tape'transmitter'by which impulses ofone-polarity only aretransmitted. Fig: 3

PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR 0F ONE HALLF TQ'WEEH'M J represents a tape transmitter in which the impulses of both polarities are transmitted. F 1g. 4 represents a portion of the receiving; tape having thereon a record correspond 3 with the word greeting in the eontinenta. Morse code. Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic view of the receiving apparatus when the signals or messages are to be read by sound. Fig.6 is a diagrammatic view of the transmitting. and receiving apparatus employed in connection with a submarine or other cable.v

Referring to Fig. 1, 0. represents a. dot,.as represented in the receiving recording'appairatus,.when such dot occurs at the beginning or within a code character. brepresents. a dash as recorded in the receiving apparatam, when the dash occurs at the beginning. at code character or occurs within it. 0 repre-- sents the record of a dot when such. dot occurs alone or at the end of a code characten. In other words, 0 represents a dot and thespace between it, when the last element 055 a. code character, and the first element of a. succeeding code character. Similarly, d rep resents a dash when it occurs alone or is the last element of a succeedingcode characten. In other words, (i represents adash and the space occurring between such dash and thefirst element of thesucceeding code character. la" reading by sound, a, b, c, and. 6; represent durations of strokes of the sounder under the aforementioned conditions.

Referring to Fig. 2, 'l is a tape perforated! as hereinafter described and adapted to itravel over the cylinder 1 of conducting. materia-l which is continuously in electrical? communication with the line or cable through the conductor 2. The brush 3 bears upon the tape and is adapted to make. con tact with the cylinder 1 whenever a per-fora 'tion in the tape '1 passes under the brush 3. The brush 3 is connected to one terminal oil the battery or other source of electrical. enrergy B whose other terminal is connected. ;to earth at E, or a second line or cable ita metallic return is employed.

Since the received signals or messages are distinguished by the intervals of time be-- tween transmitted impulses, such transmitted impulses maybe relatively short, and: l all ozt practically uniform duration. In: cone sequence, the tape T is perforated with successive holes represented as circular and desthe space between impulses that To represent the word greeting the,

spacing of the perforations is shown in Fig. 2, the s aces between successive perforations being esignated in accordance with Fig. 1.

In Fig. 3, T is a tape adapted to pass over the conducting cylinder 5 which is in continuous electrical communication with the line or cablethrough the conductor 6; A brush 7 bears upon tape T and is connected to one terminal of the battery 8 whose other terminal connects to the earth or return conductor E. Similarly 9 is a. brush bearing upon the tape T and connected to one terminal of the battery 10 whose other terminal connects to earth or the return conductor E.

The perforations in the tape T are arranged in two columns, one column passing under the brush 7 and the other under the brush 9 so that'alternate positive and negative impulses are transmitted to line, the spacing between succeeding impulses being, however, the same as in the case of Fig. 1. Thus the perforations shown in Fig. 3 also represent the word greeting except that the transmitted impulses are alternately positive and negative so that the line or cable is more quickly responsive, that is, it is capable of operating at. a higher speed than if "successive impulses of like polarity were transmitted.

Fig. 4 represents the record tape at the receiver when either of the transmitters shown in Figs. 2 and 3 are employed. Normally on the receiving tape a continuous practically straight line is drawn. Upon the arrival of each impulse, the continuous line is interrupted as shown in Fig. 4, thus in effect producing record elements corresponding with the elements shown in Fig. 1, these elements being then easily translated into a signal or message.

Referring to Fig. 5, 11 represents the end of the line or cable at the receiving station, and in series between the saine and the earth or return conductor E is connected the winding of the relay 1?. whose armature 12 is held retracted by the spring 13 against the back stop 14 thus normally holding a circuit inv cluding the battery 15, and the winding of a sounder magnet 16 closed. When an impulse is transmitted over the line, the armature 12 is momentarily attracted toward or against the front stop 17 of the relay R thus momentarily interrupting the circuit of the magnet 16. consequence the sounder armature. 18, which is normally attracted in opposition to the spring 19, is released and conductor as in Fig. 3.

strikes the back stop 20 and is then immediately again attracted against the front stop 21. As the successive impulses arrive, this operation is repeated, and the message is read by sound b r distinguishing the intervals of time during which the armature 18 is allowed .to remain against the stop 21.

Referring to Fig. 6, T represents a tape, -5 a conductive cylinder, 7 and 9 brushes, 8 and 10 batteries, and E the earth or return Successive impulsesof alternate polarities are transmitted by this apparatus over the line or submarine cable 22 which is connected at the receiving end through the siphon recorder coil 23 to earth or return conductor E. As well understood in the art of cable telegraphy,

the coil 23 is suspended in the strong magnetic field existing between the pole pieces 23,25, and the internal core 26. YVhen the arriving impulses pass such eoilwill rotate slightly, the direction of rotation being dependent upon the polarity of the received impulses. 27 is a connector between the coil and the siphon 28 which dips at its one end into ink in the well 29. The outer end of the siphon is adapted to oscillate under the control of transversely of the tape T which travels in the direction indicated by the arrow. At

30 is represented a shield having the hole or central opening 31 and the drain or groove 32 as described in Letters Patent of the United States No. 792052 heretofore granted to me.

The operation is as follows z-Normally the outer end of the siphon 28 is opposite or registers with the hole 31 in the shield 30 and as the tape T moves along, a continuous and practically straight line record is produced. At the arrival of each impulse how: ever, the coil oscillates either to the right or to the left and therefore moves the siphon 28 away from the hole 31 in the shield 30, thus causing interruptions in the continuity of the line record. It is immaterial which way the coil 23 moves, or in other words, the line record is independent of the polarity of the transmitted impulses. As heretofore stated, the transmitted impulses are alternately positive and negative in order to make the cable-or line operate at a higher speed. The tape record T is similar to that shown in Fig. 4, and is translated by having recourse to the table in Fig. l. From the foregoing description it is apparent that in my system it is the spaces or intervals between line impulses; that are employed to represent a message, the line impulses succeeding each other at suitable intervals in accordance with the different code character elements. It is also apparent thatthe received message is independent of the polarity of the transmitted impulses.

By this system, the speed ofsignaling, es-

through the coil 23,

the coil 23 pecially'over submarine cables is materially increased. Skill in translating the new form of record is easily and quickly acquired.

1. In a cable telegraph system, means for impressing alternate positive and negative impulses of practically uniform duration upon a cable, the intervals between successive impulses serving. to designate elements of the code characters, and a polarized siphon recorder normally tracing a continuous line and responsive alike to received positive and negative impulses to interrupt said line to represent elements of code characters.*

2. In a cable telegraph system, means for impressing alternate positive and negative impulses of relatively short and practically uniform duration upon a cable, and a po larizedisiphon recorder normally tracing a continuous line and responsive alike to received positive and negative impulses to interrupt said line to represent elements of code characters. I

3. In a cable telegraph system, means for impressing alternate positive and negative impulses of relatively short and practically uniform duration'-,upon a cable, and a polarized recorder normally tracing a continuous line and responsive indifierently to all impulses to render said line discontinuous to represent signal elements.

4. In a cable telegraplnsystem, means for impressing successive electrical impulses alternating in polarity and of practically uniform duration upon a cable, the intervals between successive impulses serving to desig nate elements of a signal, and a polarized recorder normally tracing a continuous and practically straight line and responsive indifferently to all impulses to alter said line, spaces between line alterationsrepresenting signal elements.

In a cable telegraph system, means for impressing alternate positive and negative impulses of practically uniform duration upon a cable, and a polarized recorder normally tracing a continuous line and responsive to all impulses to interrupt said line, the resultant gaps in said line being of approximately equal length.

6. In a cable telegraph system, the combination with the cable, of means for impressing thereon successive impulses of opposite polarities and of practically'unitorm duration, and receiving apparatus comprising a polarized receiving instrument normally tracing a continuous line and responsive to all impulses to interrupt said line, whereby gaps result in said line, said gaps being of approximately equal length.

7. In a cable telegraph system, the combination with the cable, of means for impressing thereon electrical impulses alternating in polarity and of practically uniform duration, the intervals between successive impulses serving to designate elements of a signal, and receiving apparatus comprising a polarized receiving instrument normally tracing a continuous line and responsive to all impulses to produce gaps in said line, the gaps in said line being approximately equal.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto atlixed my signature in the presence of the two subscribing witnesses.

ISIDOR KITSEE.

il nesscs:

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